HOSA Pathophysiology Endocrine Practice Test 2026 - Free Endocrine System Practice Questions and Study Guide

When blood sugar levels rise, such as after a meal, the body responds primarily by releasing insulin from the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that plays a key role in regulating glucose levels in the bloodstream. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by the body's cells, allowing them to use glucose for energy or store it for future use. This process helps to lower blood sugar levels back to a normal range.

The secretion of insulin is triggered by the increased presence of glucose in the blood. When insulin is released, it signals the liver to absorb more glucose and convert it into glycogen for storage. Additionally, it promotes the uptake of glucose by muscle and fat cells, thereby decreasing the overall concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.

This regulatory mechanism is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. In the absence of sufficient insulin or if cells become resistant to insulin, high blood sugar levels can persist, leading to conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the body's release of insulin directly counteracts high blood sugar levels, making it the correct response in this scenario.