Which gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone (GH)?

The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone (GH), which plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and overall development in the body. Located at the base of the brain, the pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it controls various hormonal functions across other glands.

Growth hormone is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. It stimulates growth in tissues, promotes protein synthesis, and influences the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and minerals. This regulatory function is essential during childhood and adolescence when growth and development are at their peak, but GH also maintains body composition and metabolism in adults.

The other glands listed are associated with different hormone secretions and functions. The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism through the secretion of thyroid hormones, the adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that are pivotal in stress response, and the pancreas is responsible for insulin and glucagon production, which are key in regulating blood sugar levels. Thus, the characteristic and critical function of growing and metabolic processes associated with GH distinctly identifies the pituitary gland as the correct answer.