Which of the following is a common cause of precocious puberty in girls?

Precocious puberty in girls, defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 9, can be linked to various medical conditions. One significant cause is brain tumors, particularly those affecting the hypothalamus, which plays a crucial role in regulating puberty by releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). When certain brain tumors disrupt the normal function of the hypothalamus, they can trigger early onset of puberty by promoting the premature secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland.

Hyperthyroidism can also be a contributing factor. The increased levels of thyroid hormone can accelerate growth and metabolic processes, which may unearth underlying mechanisms leading to early sexual maturity. The interplay between hormonal balances can lead to precocious puberty as the excess thyroid hormones might influence the menstrual cycle and overall development.

Cushing’s syndrome, characterized by excessive cortisol or its effect on the body, may result in early secondary sexual characteristics as well, primarily due to the effects of cortisol on the adrenal glands and their production of sex steroids.

Therefore, all these conditions can be underlying contributors to precocious puberty. Recognizing these associations helps in identifying and managing cases of early onset puberty effectively.